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搜尋PHE共有2筆結果
文/美醫誌綜合報導 摘要 The Executive Yuan has announced the addition of new psychoactive substances N-Butylpentylone and N-Butylhexedrone as Category three narcotics on July 27 , 2020. The Executive Yuan further announced the listing of Methyl-3-oxo-2-phenylbutyrate, Fluorophenylacetone and Methoxyphenylacetone as precursor ingredients of Category four narcotics on November 16 , 2020. While the aforementioned narcotics have no known medical application, for scientific purposes these substances are classified and listed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) as controlled drugs via announcement of the Executive Yuan on November 16 , 2020. N-Butylpentylone and N-Butylhexedrone are synthetic cathinones;Methyl-3-oxo-2-phenylbutyrate can be refined into P2P (precursor ingredient for making amphetamine and methamphetamine), while fluorophenylacetone and methoxyphenylacetone can be refined into amphetamine type narcotics like fluoroamphetamine and methoxymethamphetamine. Cathinones and amphetamines are central nervous system stimulants that are highly addictive, and may produce toxicological reactions such as tachycardia, hypertension, hyperpyrexia, hallucination and paranoia. The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration(TFDA) would like to remind institutions and companies keeping such controlled drugs to apply for controlled drugs registration license as per regulations, and to maintain records of daily increase and decrease of stocks, destruction, loss and inventory of controlled drugs at their business department and report them periodically. Institutions and companies wishing to use the aforementioned substances for medical or educational research must submit an application for use of controlled drugs to the MOHW. To avoid penalties, the application must be approved before the controlled drugs can be used. *以上言論不代表本站立場,任何手術或療程均有其風險,實際仍須由醫師當面與您進行評估而定*
2021.05.30
文/美醫誌綜合報導 摘要 隨著天氣漸入秋冬,流行性感冒的高峰期也即將到來,藥師表示,如何預防與治療流行性感冒,守護自身健康為首要目標。臺北市立聯合醫院中興院區藥劑科藥師翟晉德說,患者治療方法仍以症狀緩解為主,或給予抗病毒藥劑治療。抗病毒藥劑應儘可能於發病後48小時內投與效果最好。 症狀緩解常用藥物注意事項:退燒止痛藥、止咳劑、化痰劑、流鼻水藥…等 1. 退燒止痛藥:例如阿斯匹靈(aspirin)、布洛芬(Brufen)、普拿疼(acetaminophen)等,可退燒及減輕頭痛、肌肉痛等病徵。但使用阿斯匹靈及布洛芬退燒易使胃部不適,宜於飯後服用,阿斯匹靈亦可能增加兒童雷氏症候群Reye’s syndrome發生機率應避免使用。 2. 止咳劑:如有濃痰狀況不建議使用。 3. 流鼻水藥:用來緩解鼻塞、流鼻水的抗組織胺藥(Antihistamines)此類藥物易引起睡意、口乾、頭昏、視力模糊等副作用,使用後應避免駕駛器具。 翟晉德指出,目前健保給付抗病毒藥劑有下列四種: 1. Zanamivir (Relenza®,瑞樂沙旋達碟) Zanamivir乾粉吸入劑,使用需要技巧,優點是局部作用,較無藥物全身性作用。成人治療劑量每天兩次,每次吸入兩劑(2X5 mg),療程5天,不需因肝腎功能調整使用劑量。五歲以上兒童使用劑量與療程與成年人相同。懷孕期間不可使用,除非經醫師診治人為使用效益大於風險。常見的不良反應為頭痛、喉嚨痛、咳嗽與呼吸道刺激,有慢性阻塞性肺病病史的患者應避免使用,因為乾粉吸入劑可能會刺激氣管,增加氣管收縮的機會,使用後若出現支氣管收縮或呼吸功能下降的症狀應停藥並就醫。 2. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®,克流感,Eraflu®,易剋冒) 成人及13歲以上青少年治療劑量每天兩次,每次75 mg,療程五天;兒童須依照體重調整治療劑量,1歲以下兒童則不可使用Oseltamivir預防流行性感冒。Oseltamivir是懷孕與授乳婦女流行性感冒的首選藥物,使用劑量、療程無須調整與成年人相同。常見不良反應為噁心嘔吐、頭痛,一般患者皆可耐受。 3. Peramivir (Rapiacta®,瑞貝塔) Peramivir為注射針劑,正常成年人治療劑量為300 mg單次點滴靜脈注射15分鐘以上。腎功能不全及接受血液透析患者須慎重使用。懷孕婦女經醫師診治確認使用效益大於風險才可以投與;哺乳婦女在藥物治療期間建議避免哺餵母乳。常見不良反應為腹瀉、嗜中性白血球減少,症狀一般停藥後不需治療即可以改善。 4. Favipiravir (Avigan®) 使用於符合新型A型流行性感冒通報定義經使用Zanamivir、Oseltamivir治療無效且經醫師評估及病患/家屬同意以專案進口方式使用。口服1600 mg一日兩次,接續四日口服600 mg一日兩次,療程共五日。Favipiravir有致畸胎風險,兒童及已知/準備懷孕者皆不可使用,用藥前須先確認無懷孕,用藥後七日需避孕,藥品會分泌至乳汁中,服藥期間授乳婦女須停止授乳。 希望能藉由上述內容,提升民眾對藥物的認知,協助民眾正確使用藥品並避免副作用的發生。 *以上言論不代表本站立場,任何手術或療程均有其風險,實際仍須由醫師當面與您進行評估而定*
2020.11.14